| THE GOVERNMENT of Mexico expropriated the oil industry from foreign companies in 1938 following a decree issued by the-then President of the Republic, General Lazaro Cardenas del Rio. The oil industry was received into state ownership without any technical references, information, or procedures: the resentment of its former owners and technical and administrative staff hindered the access to, and availability of, manuals and standards.
During the 1940s and 1950s, the Mexican oil industry was governed by international standards, mainly American. It was not until the 1960s that, in the areas of primary production, projects, and construction, the first plant designs, construction, operation, and maintenance plans and processes were drafted. Following this, there was a gradual development of new oil industry standards by specialty and discipline, and these standards form the bass of those used by Pemex today.
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